THE QUESTIONS:
About the Crown of Thorns rescued from the Notre Dame Cathedral fire in Paris: Is this the actual crown that Jesus Christ wore at the Crucifixion? Does authenticity matter? What’s the role of such relics?
THE RELIGION GUY’S ANSWER:
Before Jesus Christ was crucified, the New Testament records, Roman soldiers “stripped him, and put a scarlet robe upon him, and plaiting a crown of thorns they put it on his head, and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him they mocked him, saying, ‘Hail, King of the Jews!’” (Matthew 27:28-9, similarly in Mark 15:17 and John 19:2-3).
More than 19 centuries later, a relic believed to be that humiliating crown was rescued from the disastrous fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. It is the most revered item in the cathedral’s collection, which also contains what are identified as one of the nails that pinned Jesus to the cross, and a wooden fragment from the cross itself.
In today’s supposedly secularized France, only 41.6 percent of citizens are baptized Catholics and a mere 12 percent tell pollsters they regularly attend Mass, well below numbers elsewhere in Europe. Yet the damage and substantial survival of the venerable cathedral, and the valiant effort that saved its treasured relics, roused fervent sentiment nationwide.
Is the celebrated Crown of Thorns, which goes on public display each Good Friday, authentic? There’s no way to prove it is, nor do the Bible or early Christian annals say the artifact was preserved. Here’s what we do know, courtesy of British historian Emily Guerry, writing for theconversation.com.
The earliest record dates from four centuries after the Crucifixion, when St. Paulinus instructed Christians to venerate a “holy thorns” relic at the Mount Zion basilica in Jerusalem. In A.D. 591, Gregory of Tours wrote the first surviving description, saying the crown “appears as if it is alive,” with leaves said to wither and then turn green again.
Little is known between A.D. 637, when Muslim conquest limited Christians’ access to Jerusalem, and the mid-10th Century, when the crown somehow turned up in the Byzantine emperor’s collection in Constantinople (today’s Istanbul). France’s King Louis IX later gained ownership of the relic by helping pay off an imperial debt, and the Crown was welcomed to Paris with a grand street procession in 1239. The crown was eventually to survive France’s anti-religious revolution, relocations, two world wars, other tumult, and now a furious fire.
The veneration of relics from Jesus and the saints by today’s Catholic and Orthodox believers perpetuates a very early tradition. The first known example occurred in A.D. 156 when devotees acquired the bones of St. Polycarp after he was burned at the stake, and placed them in a shrine where his martyrdom date was commemorated. By the 4thCentury, such devotions had become widespread, energized in part by the reported discovery of the True Cross by St. Helena, the mother of the Emperor Constantine. In A.D. 787 the second ecumenical council at Nicaea declared the presence of relics to be essential when a church was consecrated.
The Middle Ages brought a busy market in greatly valued relics, including several other purported Crowns of Thorns, Veronica’s Veil that was thought to wipe sweat from Jesus’ brow, the Holy Grail (the wine chalice Jesus used at the Last Supper), and even the umbilical cord from Jesus’ birth and the foreskin from his circumcision, along with a profusion of holy nails and True Cross fragments.
From early on, the Protestant Reformation rejected veneration of relics.
Continue reading “Is the Crown of Thorns rescued from the Notre Dame Cathedral fire authentic?”, by Richard Ostling.